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Essential Korean Accounting Terms You Must Know (2023)

Choi Eun-jungChoi Eun-jung
February 21, 2025
6 min read
Essential Korean Accounting Terms You Must Know (2023)
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Expanding your communication skills in finance and accounting can sometimes feel like a serious challenge. Yet, if you have the exciting chance to do business with South Korea—home of the globally loved K-Pop and K-Dramas—you might discover that learning a few accounting terms in Korean makes your professional life much easier. I know it might sound a little intimidating at first, but trust me, it’s worth the effort. It’s sort of like finding a shortcut in a maze: once you see it, you wonder how you ever managed before.

Even if you’ve never dealt with the language before, getting to know the basics of Korean accounting terminology can help you spot similarities and differences between your native language and Korean. Plus, you’ll strengthen your relationships with Korean colleagues or partners when you show them you’ve made an effort to learn their financial vocabulary, not just catchy K-Pop lyrics.

Diving into the Essentials

It’s perfectly normal to start from zero. When you begin exploring fundamental concepts like 재무제표 (jaemujepyo), meaning financial statements, or 손익계산서 (sonikgyesanseo), referring to the income statement, you might see that things aren’t as bewildering as you initially thought. The underlined key is that sometimes the format or culture behind these statements can differ from what you’re used to.

  • 대차대조표 (daechadaejopyo) is the balance sheet, revealing a company’s financial health at a specific point.

  • 매출 (maechul) highlights sales or revenue figures you’ll see in various reports.

  • 원가 (wonga) stands for cost, which helps calculate overall expenses.

  • 이익 (iik) means profit, the ultimate bottom line everybody loves to watch grow.

  • 영업이익 (yeongeobiik) is operating profit, giving you a sense of how well a business performs in its main activities.

In many ways, these Korean terms mirror the financial words you likely already know, but paying attention to cultural nuances or slight administrative variations is crucial. For instance, some items inside 재무제표 might be categorized differently in Korea than in other countries.

Making the Language Stick

If you’re eager to bring these terms into your daily interactions, try weaving them into conversations or emails whenever appropriate. Here’s a simple (and hopefully fun) numbered list to further guide you:

  1. Familiarize yourself with one or two new words each day.

  2. Underline any repeating patterns you see in financial documents.

  3. Check out informal business chats: “언제쯤 대차대조표를 공유해 주실 수 있나요?” (When can you share the balance sheet?)

  4. Compare real examples of 손익계산서 in English and Korean to see how items line up.

Yes, there might be small bumps along the way, but a few mistakes can actually help you remember key points. It’s kind of like learning a new dance move: you might trip at first, yet your confidence will build faster than you’d expect.

지난 분기 동안의 매출은 예상보다 높았습니다. (Sales were higher than anticipated last quarter.)

원가 절감을 통해 우리의 이익을 증대시킬 수 있습니다. (By reducing costs, we can increase our profit.)

올해의 영업이익은 작년 대비 20% 증가했습니다. (This year’s operating profit grew by 20% compared to last year.)

당기순이익은 지속적인 성장을 보여줍니다. (Net income for the period continues to show steady growth.)

Bringing It All Together

In the ever-changing realm of finance, having at least a basic grasp of Korean accounting lingo can be a real asset. Picture yourself breezing through discussions about 재무제표, or confidently breaking down elements of the 손익계산서 in front of colleagues who might not expect you to know any Korean at all. A bit of enthusiasm and curiosity can kick open the door to new opportunities, making financial collaborations smoother and more enjoyable. After all, if you’re already dealing with complex numbers and balance sheets, slipping in a few Korean phrases should be a piece of cake. Go ahead and give it a try—your future self just might thank you!

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Table with 70 rows and 3 columns
재무제표Financial Statements[fi-NAN-shuhl STEYT-muhnts]
손익계산서Income Statement[IN-kuhm STEYT-muhnt]
대차대조표Balance Sheet[BAL-uhns sheet]
현금흐름표Cash Flow Statement[kash floh STEYT-muhnt]
자산Assets[A-sehts]
부채Liabilities[ly-uh-BIL-uh-teez]
자본Equity[EK-wi-tee]
매출Sales[seylz]
원가Cost[kost]
이익Profit[PRAW-fit]
영업이익Operating Profit[OP-uh-ray-ting PRAW-fit]
매출총이익Gross Profit[grohs PRAW-fit]
고정비Fixed Costs[fikst kosts]
변동비Variable Costs[VAIR-ee-uh-buhl kosts]
손실Loss[laws]
당기순이익Net Income[net IN-kuhm]
유동자산Current Assets[KUR-uhnt A-sehts]
비유동자산Non-Current Assets[non-KUR-uhnt A-sehts]
유동부채Current Liabilities[KUR-uhnt ly-uh-BIL-uh-teez]
비유동부채Non-Current Liabilities[non-KUR-uhnt ly-uh-BIL-uh-teez]
이자Interest[IN-trest]
감가상각Depreciation[dih-PREE-shee-ey-shuhn]
무형자산Intangible Asset[in-TAN-juh-buhl A-seht]
유가증권Marketable Securities[MAHR-kit-uh-buhl si-KYOOR-ih-teez]
재고자산Inventory[IN-vuhn-tor-ee]
잉여금Surplus[SUR-pluhs]
배당금Dividend[DIV-uh-dend]
세금Tax[taks]
부가가치세Value Added Tax (VAT)[VAL-yoo AD-id taks]
법인세Corporate Tax[KOR-prit taks]
회계감사Audit[AW-dit]
결산Settlement (Closing Accounts)[SET-l-muhnt]
예산Budget[BUH-jit]
자금조달Financing[fai-NAN-sing]
사채Corporate Bond[KOR-prit bond]
발행Issuance[ISH-oo-uhns]
주주Shareholder[SHAIR-hohl-der]
증자Capital Increase[KAP-i-tuhl IN-krees]
감자Capital Reduction[KAP-i-tuhl ree-DUHK-shuhn]
거래처Client / Customer[KLY-uhnt / KUHS-tuh-mer]
매입Purchase[PUR-chuhs]
매출액Revenue (Sales Figure)[REV-uh-noo]
이연법인세Deferred Corporate Tax[dih-FURD KOR-prit taks]
손익분기점Break-Even Point[breyk-EE-vuhn point]
부도Bankruptcy / Default[BANK-ruhpt-see / dih-FAWLT]
주문Order[OR-der]
거래Transaction[tran-ZAK-shuhn]
기록Record[REK-ord]
송장Invoice[IN-vois]
영수증Receipt[ri-SEET]
전표Voucher / Slip[VOW-cher / slip]
자금흐름Cash Flow[kash floh]
외상매출금Accounts Receivable[uh-KOUNTS ri-SEE-vuh-buhl]
외상매입금Accounts Payable[uh-KOUNTS PAY-uh-buhl]
미지급금Accrued Liabilities[uh-KROOD ly-uh-BIL-uh-teez]
예수금Deposit[dih-POZ-it]
차변Debit[DEB-it]
대변Credit[KRED-it]
원장Ledger[LEJ-er]
분개Journal Entry[JUR-nuhl EN-tree]
시산표Trial Balance[TRY-uhl BAL-uhns]
기말Year-End[yeer-end]
결산보고서Settlement Report[SET-l-muhnt ri-PORT]
현금잔고Cash Balance[kash BAL-uhns]
전산회계Computerized Accounting[kuhm-PYOO-tuh-rahyzd uh-KOUN-ting]
급여Payroll[PAY-rohl]
공제Deduction[dih-DUHK-shuhn]
회계정책Accounting Policy[uh-KOUN-ting PAH-luh-see]
손익추정Profit/Loss Projection[PRAW-fit/laws pruh-JEK-shuhn]
환율Exchange Rate[iks-CHEYNJ reyt]
Özellik재무제표
Değer 1Financial Statements
Değer 2[fi-NAN-shuhl STEYT-muhnts]
Özellik손익계산서
Değer 1Income Statement
Değer 2[IN-kuhm STEYT-muhnt]
Özellik대차대조표
Değer 1Balance Sheet
Değer 2[BAL-uhns sheet]
Özellik현금흐름표
Değer 1Cash Flow Statement
Değer 2[kash floh STEYT-muhnt]
Özellik자산
Değer 1Assets
Değer 2[A-sehts]
Özellik부채
Değer 1Liabilities
Değer 2[ly-uh-BIL-uh-teez]
Özellik자본
Değer 1Equity
Değer 2[EK-wi-tee]
Özellik매출
Değer 1Sales
Değer 2[seylz]
Özellik원가
Değer 1Cost
Değer 2[kost]
Özellik이익
Değer 1Profit
Değer 2[PRAW-fit]
Özellik영업이익
Değer 1Operating Profit
Değer 2[OP-uh-ray-ting PRAW-fit]
Özellik매출총이익
Değer 1Gross Profit
Değer 2[grohs PRAW-fit]
회계
회계0:00 / 0:00

English: Accounting

자산
자산0:00 / 0:00

English: Assets

부채
부채0:00 / 0:00

English: Liabilities

자본
자본0:00 / 0:00

English: Equity

수익
수익0:00 / 0:00

English: Revenue

비용
비용0:00 / 0:00

English: Expenses

손익계산서
손익계산서0:00 / 0:00

English: Income Statement

재무제표
재무제표0:00 / 0:00

English: Financial Statements

대차대조표
대차대조표0:00 / 0:00

English: Balance Sheet

현금흐름표
현금흐름표0:00 / 0:00

English: Cash Flow Statement

회계원칙
회계원칙0:00 / 0:00

English: Accounting Principles

회계기준
회계기준0:00 / 0:00

English: Accounting Standards

회계연도
회계연도0:00 / 0:00

English: Fiscal Year

결산
결산0:00 / 0:00

English: Closing of Accounts

감사
감사0:00 / 0:00

English: Audit

자본금
자본금0:00 / 0:00

English: Paid-in Capital

유동자산
유동자산0:00 / 0:00

English: Current Assets

비유동자산
비유동자산0:00 / 0:00

English: Non-current Assets

유동부채
유동부채0:00 / 0:00

English: Current Liabilities

비유동부채
비유동부채0:00 / 0:00

English: Non-current Liabilities

매출액
매출액0:00 / 0:00

English: Sales

매출원가
매출원가0:00 / 0:00

English: Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

매출총이익
매출총이익0:00 / 0:00

English: Gross Profit

영업이익
영업이익0:00 / 0:00

English: Operating Income

순이익
순이익0:00 / 0:00

English: Net Profit

영업외소득
영업외소득0:00 / 0:00

English: Non-operating Income

영업외비용
영업외비용0:00 / 0:00

English: Non-operating Expenses

당기순이익
당기순이익0:00 / 0:00

English: Net Income for the Period

이익잉여금
이익잉여금0:00 / 0:00

English: Retained Earnings

결산기준일
결산기준일0:00 / 0:00

English: Closing Date

회계감사
회계감사0:00 / 0:00

English: Financial Audit

감가상각
감가상각0:00 / 0:00

English: Depreciation

재고자산
재고자산0:00 / 0:00

English: Inventory

대손상각
대손상각0:00 / 0:00

English: Bad Debt Write-off

재무비율
재무비율0:00 / 0:00

English: Financial Ratios

유동비율
유동비율0:00 / 0:00

English: Current Ratio

부채비율
부채비율0:00 / 0:00

English: Debt Ratio

자기자본이익률
자기자본이익률0:00 / 0:00

English: Return on Equity (ROE)

매출액순이익률
매출액순이익률0:00 / 0:00

English: Net Profit Margin

기업회계
기업회계0:00 / 0:00

English: Corporate Accounting

세무회계
세무회계0:00 / 0:00

English: Tax Accounting

관리회계
관리회계0:00 / 0:00

English: Managerial Accounting

회계정보
회계정보0:00 / 0:00

English: Accounting Information

재무분석
재무분석0:00 / 0:00

English: Financial Analysis

회계정책
회계정책0:00 / 0:00

English: Accounting Policy

회계처리
회계처리0:00 / 0:00

English: Accounting Treatment

회계감리
회계감리0:00 / 0:00

English: Accounting Oversight

회계오류
회계오류0:00 / 0:00

English: Accounting Errors

세무감사
세무감사0:00 / 0:00

English: Tax Audit

자금조달
자금조달0:00 / 0:00

English: Financing